Causes Of Low Blood Sugar , What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level, What Is Normal Blood Sugar Level, Normal Blood Sugar.
Diabetes is a major explanation for blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and decrease limb amputation The variety of folks with diabetes rose from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 Prevalence has been rising more quickly in low .
Next Article What Is Feline Diabetes
and middle income countries than in high income countries Untreated gestational diabetes can lead to a baby s dying both earlier than or shortly after delivery Extra glucose can cross the placenta, which triggers your child s pancreas to make further What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level insulin.
If the pancreas doesn t make enough insulin or stops making it altogether, in the case of kind 1 diabetes glucose levels in the blood can rise too excessive Another scenario is that the pancreas makes enough insulin however the cells have trouble using it correctly, causing blood glucose levels What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level to rise This is called insulin resistance and is the What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level hallmark of sort 2 diabetes.
Tell your doctor if you have any side effects or can not afford your medicines Also, let your physician know in case you have bother taking your medication or maintaining observe of your medicine schedule Findings might point out the necessity for afib screening in older adults with diabetes, experts say Most types of NDM and MODY are attributable to autosomal dominant mutations, that means they are often passed on to kids when just one father or mother carries the gene for the illness In these instances, the parent who carries the gene has a 50 likelihood of having an affected youngster In 1 to four percent of all diabetes What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level instances, the situation outcomes from mutations in a single gene.
The actual way these dietary supplements work is dependent upon the ingredients Therefore, if one doesn t work for you, you may find a way to swap to a unique supplement that works in one other way If this occurs, feel free to attempt one other since many do contain completely different components Some ingredients work higher for some individuals than others, so it could take some experimentation to find a supplement that can be excellent for you Keep in mind that it might take as a lot as three months for a complement to start working as nicely.
Research has shown that unsaturated fatty acids could play a part in blood sugar control via lowered insulin resistance In diabetes, What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level the physique does not produce enough insulin to allow the cells to absorb sufficient sugar from the blood Or the physique might have enough insulin, however 100 point blood sugar drop the cells do not respond to it In both instances, this results in there being an excessive amount of sugar in the blood, which, over time can result in critical well being points, corresponding to vision loss, heart disease, and kidney illness Much of the food you eat is broken down What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level into sugar , which will get released into the bloodstream When blood sugar will increase, the pancreas, an organ responsible for digestion and blood sugar regulation, releases the hormone insulin.
While insulin resistance is a What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level element of T2DM, the full extent of the disease outcomes when the patient has inadequate production of insulin to compensate for his or her insulin Symptoms Of High Blood Sugar resistance T2DM involves a extra insidious onset where an imbalance between What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level insulin ranges and insulin sensitivity Symptoms Of Low Blood Sugar causes a functional deficit of insulin Insulin resistance is multifactorial but generally develops from obesity and aging Review the treatment issues and customary issues of diabetes mellitus But with diabetes, a quantity of major things can go mistaken What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level to trigger diabetes.
This is the start of gaining a deeper understanding of how one can live a healthier life with all of the tools, well being suggestions, and food Normal Blood Sugar Levels concepts you need Wherever you re at together with your diabetes, know that you have got choices and that you simply don t have to be held again What Is Normal Blood Sugar Symptoms Low Blood Sugar Symptoms embrace excessive excretion of urine , thirst , constant starvation, weight reduction, vision modifications, and fatigue Type 1 diabetes previously known as insulin dependent, juvenile or childhood onset is characterized by poor insulin manufacturing and requires day by day administration of insulin In 2017 there have been 9 million folks with kind 1 diabetes the majority of them reside in high income nations.
Therefore, the blood sugar glucose does not obtain sufficient to keep the degrees regular For these with a standard blood sugar degree, this will be due to eating the best foods and your body having the ability to produce and respond to insulin Blood sugar levels, also referred to as blood glucose degree, is the extent of sugar glucose present within the blood Glucose is an easy model of sugar which comes from the meals we eat Therefore, the more meals you consume with excessive sugar levels over a period of time, will sometimes increase your blood sugar degree.
Try to train at least half Low blood sugar ears ringing hour most days of the week Having gestational diabetes or giving start to a child weighing greater than 9 pounds Diabetes insipidus is a distinct uncommon condition that causes your kidneys to provide a great amount of urine The urban areas, the place economic development is at its fastest Symptoms Of Low Blood Sugar and traditional dietary practices are eroded most shortly, are the hotspots for diabetes in China As China has turn out to be modernised, the sedentary lifestyle favoured by western Symptoms Of High Blood Sugar folks has infiltrated Chinese culture, leading to individuals eating extra and exercising much less.
TMA is a relatively frequent A substance to regulate blood sugar operation performed to treat a severely contaminated foot or a What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level foot with lack of oxygen provide Surgeons resort to this kind of surgery when all other nonsurgical choices to save the foot or limb have failed Removing the infected part prevents the infection from spreading What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level to the other components of the limb and thus saves the limb in the long term Don t eat foods excessive in carbohydrates and sugar corresponding to buttered potatoes, fatty meals, sweet, and sugary desserts like cake with frosting Gestational diabetes for pregnant girls who develop an insulin resistance, this is named gestational diabetes Science daily blood sugar management This typically goes away after giving birth however could be fairly common through the second or third trimester when hormones change and make it hard for insulin to work successfully.
Gestational diabetes could be monitored and treated and, if well controlled, these risks are greatly Whey protein blood sugar spike reduced Limbs are lost on account of injury, and vascular disease, diabetes and cancer generally necessitate amputation Diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose, and risk of cause specific death 22Schulz LO, Bennett PH, Ravussin E, Kidd JR, Kidd KK, Esparza J, Valencia ME Effects of conventional What does a blood sugar of 112 mean and western environments on prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians in Mexico and the united states Eleven million Canadians live with diabetes or prediabetes.
You ought to stick to a single complement for no less than three months earlier than switching to one thing else With all these therapies together, although, you might end up managing What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level your situation higher than you can in any other case Still, it is a large bonus that there are different dietary supplements obtainable so that you can switch to With that said, it typically takes as much as three months for Symptoms Of Low Blood Sugar a supplement to begin working You could not see the complete results .
What Is A Good Fasting Blood Sugar
till you ve been taking one particular supplement often for a few months it takes a bit before it builds up enough in your bloodstream Because of this, you need to attempt one complement for a while before switching to a brand new one.
Welcome to Diabetescouk a group of people with diabetes, members of the family, associates, supporters and carers, offering their very own support and first hand data The Diabetes Forum is demonstrated in research to be probably the most actively used Blood Sugar Level social medium for people with diabetes This animation follows Tom who has been told he What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level s vulnerable to creating Type 2 diabetes.
When these two factors are combined, it makes your blood sugar levels drop after the preliminary What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level spike in sugar Along with the potential Utube caring for diabetic seizing from low blood sugar on your blood sugar stage to go too high or low, many medicines for diabetes aren t compatible with consuming alcohol If you do have diabetes and you re involved with alcohol and blood sugar interactions, you must plan on checking your ranges both before and after consuming It s additionally important to examine levels before going to mattress to make positive that you don t enter right into a period of hypoglycemia whereas you re asleep Be especially cautious about medicating excessive sugar levels What Is The Normal Blood Sugar Level caused by alcohol use, as these can drop abruptly, inflicting a harmful episode of hypoglycemia.
All the topics acquired their major care inside the Veterans Affairs health care system due to this fact, SES and entry to care were not elements Millions of older Americans have prediabetes This means their glucose levels are higher than regular however not high sufficient to be referred to as diabetes People with prediabetes have a larger likelihood of developing sort 2 diabetes and having a coronary heart attack or stroke.
The influence of diabetes additionally increased with the level of socioeconomic drawback with rates being 20 2three occasions as excessive within the lowest in contrast with the highest socioeconomic areas A Diabetes is the shortcoming of the body to produce insulin kind 1 diabetes or proper use of insulin type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes and pre diabetes Diabetes is often goes undiagnosed as a result of most of the signs of diabetes appears harmless.
For instance, if you are diabetic and are monitoring your blood sugar, you might get a studying of sixty five mg dl That is considered to be mild hypoglycemia, and you would be wise to eat 15 grams of fast acting carbohydrates and retest your blood sugar in 15 minutes Glucose is precious fuel for all the cells in your body when it is present at regular levels The doctor exams your blood sugar and it s higher than 200, plus you re peeing more, always thirsty, and you ve gained or lost a big quantity of weight They ll then do a fasting sugar degree test or an oral glucose tolerance test to verify the analysis.
This reality sheet addresses the AMP analysis plan for type 2 diabetes If you have diabetes, your physician may display you for depression or cognitive impairment Older adults with diabetes are at higher danger for these conditions, in contrast with others their age who don t have diabetes.
Around eight8 of the worldwide adult population, ie, about 415 .
What Is Regular Blood Sugar
million people across the globe, suffer from diabetes Diabetes is a Does pinto beans raise blood sugar form of continual illness that results in high blood sugar levels No, blood sugar levels after fasting should be beneath 7 for them to be thought of Lower Blood Sugar normal Numerous substances have been proven to enhance insulin sensitivity in some research, while different studies fail to search out any profit for blood sugar management or Symptoms Of Low Blood Sugar in decreasing A1C levels Because of the conflicting findings, there are not any various therapies which would possibly be presently really helpful to assist everyone with blood sugar management.
If you understand the symptoms of excessive blood glucose, you can feel more knowledgeable about your well being as a whole and know when What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level it s time to search medical remedy It s a standard perception that snacking throughout the day aka grazing will keep blood Blood Sugar Level glucose ranges regular What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level But, a 2013 research found that consuming two massive meals per day helped reduce blood glucose extra successfully than six small meals per day It s also necessary to maintain our meals to the proper proportions, as overeating can elevate blood glucose levels as well.
You can assist your body s pure capability to manage your blood sugar with a supporting supplement While these supplements won t remedy diabetes or prediabetes, they are often helpful alongside a dietary change Menstrual cycles trigger fluctuations in both hormones and blood sugar levels High blood sugar is a serious downside that would doubtlessly improve the chance of What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level heart disease, heart assault, stroke, kidney harm, and plenty of different well being problems Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome, or HHS, is a complication from very excessive blood sugars in folks Are grapes good for high blood sugar with kind 2 diabetes Microvascular damage is outlined as harm to small blood vessels, and it s a typical consequence of excessive blood sugar.
The discovery of the leptin protein in mice and its connection to diabetes and weight problems While this global health disaster continues to evolve, it may be helpful to look to previous pandemics to better perceive tips on how to reply today Regardless of the place you are in your journey with diabetes, we are right here to assist Find educators near you that can help to manage your diabetes.
Diabetes is classed into differing types, based mostly on the various Average carbohydrates daily and blood sugar control causes The treatment will range, depending on what is causing the issue It is essential to know what kind of diabetes you have as a result of your sort of diabetes might have to be managed in one other way from someone else s.
However, if you take medications that cause fluid retention, you could need much less Ask your healthcare supplier about the right amount of water needed to maintain your blood sugar levels in the normal range What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level Measuring your A1C is a substitute for measuring fasting blood glucose Keep your blood sugar ranges close to regular to avoid many of these problems The American Diabetes Association s objectives for blood sugar control in folks with diabetes are 70 to one hundred thirty mg dL before meals, and less than What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level 180 mg dL after meals Diabetes influences the way that the body creates and makes use of insulin, and it may possibly immediate different manifestations resulting in unwanted studying in an in any Low blood sugar definition other case normal blood sugar ranges chart.
Sometimes having high blood sugar can What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level feel like a check you didn t move Did a certain Does oat bran lower blood sugar meals or activity make your ranges go up or down Armed with that data, you could make changes What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level and get closer to your target range What Is Normal Blood Sugar Blood sugar 263 after breakfast more typically.
So, with the power to recognize the indicators and symptoms of high blood sugar and keeping blood glucose levels in examine is important for good well .
Supports Good Mood And Healthy Brain Function
being and diabetes prevention It leads to problems with blood move, inflammation, slow wound therapeutic Therefore, figuring out the indicators and symptoms of excessive blood sugar and Symptoms Of Low Blood Sugar preserving blood glucose levels in check is important What happens when my blood sugar drops to 59 for good well being and diabetes prevention High blood glucose is an individualized problem, but figuring out its causes and symptoms will assist you to understand how it can have an result on your life Prioritizing sleep, nutrition, and regular doctor s visits are key for maintaining a wholesome blood glucose level Keeping observe of recent symptoms or modifications in your health, like weight reduction, fatigue, or increased thirst and urination can additionally be important.
You should persist with a single supplement for no less than three months earlier than switching to something else With all these remedies collectively, though, you may find yourself managing your state of affairs better than you can otherwise Still, it is a huge bonus that there are different supplements obtainable for you to change to With that What s the right blood sugar level said, it often takes as a lot as three months for a complement to start working You could not see the full results till you ve been taking one specific supplement often for a number of months it takes a bit earlier than it builds up enough in your bloodstream Because of this, you should strive one supplement for some time earlier than switching to a brand new one.
Although product recommendations are solely our opinions, this research backed web page has been fact checked and reviewed by an authorized nutritionalist or well being specialist Check the dosage instructions for Does low blood sugar make you dumber the actual supplement you re taking for the best way forward with your supplement If, whenever you take drugs, is important to you, remember to check the dosage directions before you purchase a complement Yes, there are a variety of elements that do work to Blood Sugar Level some extent when taken long term.
In 2003, a drug called Metaglip combining glipizide and metformin was permitted in a dingle pill Along with food regimen and exercise, the drug was used as preliminary therapy for Type 2 diabetes Food and Drug Administration combines metformin and rosiglitazone , a medicine that increases muscle cells sensitivity to insulin ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST Blood samples are taken from a vein earlier than and after a patient drinks a thick, sweet syrup of glucose and different sugars In a non What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level diabetic, the level of glucose within the blood goes up instantly after the drink and then decreases gradually as insulin is utilized by the body to metabolize, or take up, the sugar.
Each of those elements has its important dosage data Of course, the potency What Is Normal Blood Sugar Level issues as Low blood sugar aversion to sweets nicely, which can range quite a bit from supplement to supplement Plus, when your blood sugar is extra balanced, you re less likely to experience cravings and binge on snacks which is frequent when your blood sugar gets too low With this snacking gone out What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level of your food regimen, you might find a way to shed pounds more rapidly.
Some people, particularly those with prediabetes or kind 2 diabetes, could sometimes not expertise signs In sort 1 diabetes, signs have a tendency to return on rapidly and be more extreme Gestational diabetes develops in What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level pregnant women who have never had diabetes If you ve gestational diabetes, your child could presumably be at larger risk for health problems Gestational diabetes often goes away after your baby is born but increases your risk for kind 2 diabetes later in life Your baby is extra more doubtless to have weight problems as a toddler or teen, and more more likely to develop type 2 diabetes later in life too.
Potentially reversible diabetes situations include prediabetes and gestational diabetes Prediabetes happens when your blood sugar ranges are higher than normal, however not high enough to be What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level categorised as diabetes And What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level prediabetes is usually the precursor of diabetes unless acceptable measures are taken to prevent When to test blood sugar after a meal development Gestational diabetes happens throughout pregnancy however may resolve after the child is delivered Macrosomia refers to a baby who s considerably bigger than regular.
Whereas those with diabetes and an insulin resistance cannot achieve back What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level the identical power from meals because of the glucose not being able to be damaged down correctly into energy Your yearly doctor s appointment is an excellent time to verify in in your blood glucose levels This is very true if your age , weight, or family historical past put you at larger risk for creating diabetes in general.
Diabetics are beneficial to keep away from certain types of fruit, nonetheless, in moderation, all kinds of fruits can nonetheless be consumed For example, half a banana is already one serving of carbohydrates Apples and oranges should be no bigger than What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level a tennis ball.
Tuberculosis Skin Test The What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level tuberculosis pores and skin test relies on the fact that an infection with M Tuberculosis produces .
What Causes Diabetes In Dogs
a delayed type hypersensitivity pores and skin reaction to certain parts of the bacterium The normal recommended tuberculin take a look at is run by injecting zero1mL of 5 What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level TU PPD into the highest layers of pores and skin of the forearm Reading the skin check means detecting a raised, thickened local space of skin response, referred to as induration The area of induration around the web site of injection is the reaction to tuberculin An estimated 72 million individuals within the United States have diabetes and do Lower Blood Sugar What Is A Normal Blood Sugar Level not even realize it.
Depending on your treatment plan, you could check and document your blood sugar as many as four instances a day or more often if you re taking insulin Careful monitoring is the one way to be certain that your blood sugar level remains inside your target vary People with sort 2 diabetes who aren t taking insulin generally verify their blood sugar much less What Is A Normal Blood Sugar Level incessantly If you have diabetes, your healthcare provider will work with you to personalize your goal blood sugar ranges to satisfy your individual health wants.
Diabetes also can trigger coronary heart disease, stroke and even the necessity to remove a limb Pregnant women can also get diabetes, known as gestational diabetes Oral diabetes medication corresponding to metformin may cut back the danger of kind 2 diabetes but wholesome way of life selections remain important Have your blood sugar checked at least every year to verify that you haven t developed type 2 diabetes.
The glucose in your blood serves as a main source of vitality for all of the cells in your body There are different molecules your physique can make for gasoline if needed, like ketones, however we ll hold the focus on glucose right here for simplicity Anytime your signs don t match the number in your blood sugar meter, repeat the test Don t depend on your physique to let you know if your What Is A Normal Blood Sugar Level blood sugar is excessive or low most of the signs What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level of highs and lows are related People with diabetes are often reluctant to talk What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level about it, however nerve harm from high blood What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level sugar can even have an effect on sexual response and function for men and women Don t be embarrassed to succeed in out to your physician for assist in What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level any of these areas.
But, with the right measures and plan, everybody may help avoid their blood sugar degree from becoming irregular What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level A brisk stroll for 30 minutes a day can significantly cut back blood sugar ranges and improve insulin sensitivity Glucose enters the bloodstream after What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level a person has eaten carbohydrates The endocrine system helps maintain the bloodstream s glucose ranges in examine utilizing the pancreas This organ produces the hormone insulin, What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level releasing it after an individual consumes protein or carbohydrates.
This will be troublesome but hang on you will see the usefulness of what you study in this module through the subsequent modules where we are going to discuss the incretins and remedy of hyperglycaemia You What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level can view all of our diabetes care merchandise, and search by different selections and criteria The BD AutoShield Duo pen needle is a 5 mm pen needle that permits a extensive variety of scientific and patient advantages in insulin injection BD Diabetes Care is the smarter, simpler approach to diabetes administration The BD U 500 insulin syringe with the BD Ultra Fine 6mm needle helps patients taking Humulin R U What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level 500 insulin.
When there might be not sufficient insulin produced or when the doorway no longer recognizes the insulin key, glucose stays in the blood somewhat entering the cells After identifying DNA areas that could be critical for the event or progression of T2D, researchers will intensively analyze these DNA areas in focused populations They might be on the lookout for rare individuals whose genetic inheritance might present a model of what focused drug would possibly achieve In addition to leading to potential drug targets, this research will add to the foundational understanding of T2D At least once a year, your well being care staff will assess how properly you might be managing your diabetes Your administration plan may need changes, or you may need more data and assist.
The insulin you make both can t work successfully, otherwise you can t produce enough of it Clinical administration of sort 2 diabetes in indigenous youth International textbook of diabetes mellitus, two quantity set Don t lose weight if you re pregnant, but check along with your obstetrician about wholesome weight gain throughout your being pregnant Another treatment beneath research for Type 1 diabetes is immunotherapy.
People with type 1 diabetes have a pancreas that does not make insulin People with kind 2 diabetes have cells within the body that are immune to insulin or have a pancreas that slows or stops producing adequate insulin ranges Both forms of diabetes can end result in irregular glucose levels Type 2 diabetes type 2 diabetes is a extra widespread situation and is much less extreme than type 1 People with kind 2 diabetes merely means the body doesn t use insulin properly, versus missing it The pancreas tries to create more insulin for the glucose to make use of, however the physique doesn t respond to it properly, called insulin resistance.
Wait for 30 60 minutes with out consuming, and check again to see if your blood sugar has dropped to a degree that s protected for train Strenuous activity and train encourage your body to produce glucose to gas your muscle tissue The patient ought to start by discussing the excessive blood sugar stage with their physician The physician will be succesful of carry out a few checks to offer them a better view of the patient s diabetes Normally, the kidneys help to filter out extra blood glucose by growing the amount of urine faraway from the physique.
In the textual content beneath the device yow will discover out extra in regards to the conversion and about blood sugar ranges You What Is Normal Blood Sugar Level also need to give your physician in depth information regarding the medicines that you simply could be consuming Many medicines including steroids have the potential to hamper the outcomes of the RBS test by either elevating or reducing the glucose levels within the blood relying on the drug s profile Obesity does increase your chance of diabetes and prediabetes So, these dietary supplements may allow you to even more by reducing your weight as properly as balancing out your blood sugar Perhaps the most important benefit of blood sugar dietary supplements is that they are easy to take.
Members of the Diabetes Research Group are devoted to pursuing this new space of genetics analysis with the aim of contributing to improved medical care for these with, or .
How Is Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosed
susceptible to creating, sort 2 diabetes One type of take a look at, the A1C, also can verify on how you may be managing your diabetes Exercise, weight management and sticking to your meal plan may help control your diabetes You should also monitor your What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level blood glucose degree and take drugs if prescribed Gestational diabetes develops in some girls when they are pregnant Most of the time, this type of diabetes goes away after the baby is born.
Regularly having high blood sugar ranges for long periods of time may end up Normal Blood Sugar Level in permanent harm to components of the body such as the eyes, nerves, kidneys and blood vessels Only a medical professional can diagnose diabetes or another issue together with your blood sugar, so when you re involved about your blood sugar ranges, check with a physician With sort 2 diabetes your body doesn t use insulin properly Over the time a patient s situation worsens as physique can not make enough insulin to keep blood glucose at regular ranges When being examined for diabetes by a impaired fasting glycemia test, blood sugar levels will usually be taken after around eight hours of fasting.
However, they are not going to be an entire remedy on your situation Blood sugar dietary supplements comprise a selection of elements While most supplements use berberine or cinnamon to scale back your blood sugar levels, this is not true for all dietary supplements Some use a big selection of other elements that have varying ranges of effectiveness With a 100 percent satisfaction guarantee, there is no cause not to .
The Top 12 Foods To Balance Blood Sugar
give this complement a attempt.
Medication may be needed if enough glucose control can t be achieved with life style High Blood Sugar Symptoms adjustments alone Testing should be repeated at 24 to 28 weeks gestation if the first screening is adverse Diabetes mellitus What Is Considered A Manageable Blood Sugar Level is a continual metabolic disorder characterised by persistent hyperglycemia It could also be as a result of impaired insulin secretion, resistance to peripheral actions of insulin, or both In this review, we offer an summary of the pathogenesis, prognosis, medical presentation, and principles of administration of diabetes.